The brain is divided into areas which are each responsible for different areas of functioning. Show The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain. These areas are: Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, Frontal lobe. The image below indicates where the areas are.
Occipital lobe: This is found in the back of the brain. The area is involved with the brain's ability to recognise objects. It is responsible for our vision. Temporal lobe: The temporal lobes are found on either side of the brain and just above the ears. The temporal lobes are responsible for hearing, memory, meaning, and language. They also play a role in emotion and learning. The temporal lobes are concerned with interpreting and processing auditory stimuli. Parietal lobe: The parietal lobes are found behind the frontal lobes, above the temporal lobes, and at the top back of the brain. They are connected with the processing of nerve impulses related to the senses, such as touch, pain, taste, pressure, and temperature. They also have language functions. Frontal lobe:It is concerned with emotions, reasoning, planning, movement, and parts of speech. It is also involved in purposeful acts such as creativity, judgment, and problem solving, and planning Cerebral cortex: The cerebral cortex controls your thinking, voluntary movements, language, reasoning, and perception. In higher mammals the cortex looks like it has lots of wrinkles, grooves and bumps. Cerebellum: controls your movement, balance, posture, and coordination. New research has also linked it to thinking, novelty, and emotions. The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain", is found buried within the cerebrum. Hypothalamus: controls your body temperature, emotions, hunger, thirst, appetite, digestion and sleep. The hypothalamus is composed of several different areas and is located at the base of the brain. It is only the size of a pea (about 1/300 of the total brain weight), but is responsible for some very important behaviours. Thalamus: controls your sensory integration and motor integration. Receives sensory information and relays it to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus which then transmits this information to other parts of the brain and the brain stem. Pituitary gland: it controls your hormones and it helps to turn food to energy. Without this gland you could eat but you wouldn't get any energy from the food. Pineal gland: This part controls your growing and maturing. It is activated by light so if you were born and lived all your life in a place without a trace of light your pineal gland would never start to work. Amygdala: The amygdala (there are two of them) control your emotions such as regulating when you're happy or mad. Your amygdala is very important. Without it you could win the lottery and feel nothing. You wouldn't be happy. Hippocampas: Forms and stores your memories (scientists think there are other things unknown about the hippocampas) and is involved in learning. If you didn't have it, you wouldn't be able to remember anything. People with Alzheimer's disease loose the functioning of their hippocampas. Mid- brain: this section controls your breathing, reflexes, and your swallowing reflexes. Includes the Thalamus, Hippocampus, and Amygdala. Every living thing has to have a
mid-brain. Pons- part of the metencephalon in the hindbrain. It is involved in motor control and sensory analysis... for example, information from the ear first enters the brain in the pons. It has parts that are important for the level of consciousness and for sleep. Some structures within the pons are linked to the cerebellum, thus are involved in movement and posture. Medulla Oblongata - this structure is the caudal-most part of the brain stem, between the pons and spinal cord. It is responsible for maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing, digestion and heartbeat. Read more: The brain References http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/definitions/def-medulla.html www.library.thinkquest.org/J002391/functions.html http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/know_your_brain.htm Siphiwo Nkonki (Health24, August 2011)
The human brain is the command centre for the entire nervous system. It works like a computer to process various information that it receives as signals from the other sensory organs in the body and sends messages back to the body. While the human brain is the same in terms of structure as compared to other mammals, it is larger in terms of body size and better developed. Weighing between 1-1.5 kg, the human brain is mostly made of neurons. There are anywhere between 86 billion-100 billion neurons in the human brain. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. Basic functions like body movements, thoughts, emotions and more are controlled by the brain. (Image will be uploaded soon) The human brain consists of two types of tissues, gray and white matter. While gray matter makes up the bulk of the brain with various types of cells, white matter is made of axons that are responsible for connecting the various gray matter areas of the brain with each other. Location of the BrainThe human brain is contained inside the skull. The skull comprises 22 bones, of which 8 are cranial bones and the remaining 14 are facial bones. The skull is also responsible for providing frontal, dorsal and lateral protection to the brain. The brain is located inside the cranium and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, which fills up any hollow space on the brain surface and also circulates within the skull and the spinal cord. Specialized ependymal cells are responsible for producing about 500ml of cerebrospinal fluid every day. The other functions that the cerebrospinal performs are:
Parts of the Human BrainThe human brain consists of various parts that include:
Each of these parts can be subdivided into various other parts as described below. 1. Forebrain- This refers to a human brain’s anterior part and controls various functions of the human body like temperature, reproduction, hunger, sleep, and emotions. The forebrain includes other parts like:
This is the largest part of the brain which consists of the cerebral cortex of the brain and other subcortical structures. The cerebrum has two cerebral hemispheres. Dense, heavy bands of fiber, commonly known as the corpus callosum join the two cerebral hemispheres together. Functions of the cerebrum include memory retention, consciousness, intelligence, thinking, hearing, vision and interpreting touch. The cerebrum can be further subdivided into four sections, which are:
The cerebrum also possesses an exterior part called the cerebral mantle, commonly known as the cortex. The cerebrum possesses an exterior part called the cerebral mantle, known as the cortex. The cortex has a large surface area since it is convoluted. Other areas that are a part of the cerebrum:
This is a part of the forebrain that is located above the brainstem. It is a small structure responsible for conveying sensory information from the various sense organs. It also helps in overall coordination and movement by transmitting motor information. The thalamus is contained within the cerebrum, in the limbic system, which helps in memory retention.
The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is a small yet essential part of the human brain. It is considered as the primary area of the brain performing the following functions:
2. Midbrain- The midbrain is the central part of the brainstem. It is a fairly small area that consists of the:
The tectum is the dorsal area of the midbrain and makes up for a small portion of the brain. It controls the reflex movements of the neck muscles, eye, and head. All sensory information from the ears to the cerebrum is relayed here. The tectum also acts as a passage for various neurons that move in and out of the cerebrum.
The tegmentum is an area within the brainstem and forms the platform for the midbrain. It connects with the spinal cord, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. It has a complex structure that controls various reflex actions, body movements, sleep, attention and more. 3. Hindbrain- This is the central area of the human brain. It is composed of three regions that coordinate any process that is essential for survival, which includes motor learning and breathing. The hindbrain is made up of the following:
It is the second-largest part of the brain located in the posterior area of the pons and the medulla. The transverse fissure and the tentorium cerebelli separate the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The outer surface of the cerebellum is the cortex; two hemispheres- the gray cortex on the outer portion and the white medulla inside make up the cerebellum. The cerebellum also consists of cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar peduncles, and the anterior and posterior lobes. The cerebellum performs important functions like:
MedullaThe medulla oblongata is in the lowest area of the brain. It is a small structure that controls the body’s autonomic functions like digestion, heartbeat. It also connects the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord and helps control the human body reflexes. PonsPresent between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, the pons is the most important structure of the brain stem. It relays signals between various parts of the brain including the spinal cord, lower cerebellum, midbrain, and cerebrum. Some other functions of the pons include:
ConclusionThe human brain is the root of human intelligence. It controls the cognitive abilities of humans, their physiological and psychological functions, and communicates with the various other parts of the human body by sending signals via neurons. Details study materials, worksheets on this topic are available on the Vedantu Website. Want to read offline? download full PDF here Download full PDF Is this page helpful?  Recently Updated Pages Recently Updated Pages What are the parts of the brain and their functions explain?The frontal lobes are responsible for problem solving and judgment and motor function. The parietal lobes manage sensation, handwriting, and body position. The temporal lobes are involved with memory and hearing. The occipital lobes contain the brain's visual processing system.
What are the 11 parts of brain?Anatomically, the brain consists of the following parts:. Forebrain. Cerebrum, Hypothalamus. Thalamus.. Midbrain. Tectum. Tegmentum.. Hindbrain. Cerebellum. Medulla. Pons.. What are the 10 functions of the brain?Your brain enables:. Thoughts and decisions.. Memories and emotions.. Movements (motor function), balance and coordination.. Perception of various sensations including pain.. Automatic behavior such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and temperature control.. Regulation of organ function.. Speech and language functions.. What are the 4 most important parts of the brain?The brain is divided into four main parts which are further divided into smaller sections, each performing specific brain functions. These four main structures are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brainstem.
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Diagram parts of the brain and their functions chart
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