Do simple ira contribution limits include the employer match

What is a SIMPLE-IRA?

A SIMPLE (Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees) IRA is a retirement plan that allows employers and employees of small businesses to make tax-deferred contributions to the plan.

Who can participate?

Self-employed individuals, small-business owners, and any business with 100 or fewer employees that don't have another existing retirement plan.

Employer contribution limits

• Option 1. Dollar-for-dollar match of employee contributions up to 3% of each employee’s compensation (which can be reduced to as low as 1% in any 2 of 5 years).
• Option 2. A contribution of 2% of each employee's compensation. The maximum compensation used to determine this contribution is $290,000 for 2021 and $305,000 for 2022. Contributions are tax-deductible and are required every year.
  

Employee contribution limits

• Employees can contribute up to $13,500 for the 2021 tax year and $14,000 for the 2022 tax year ($16,500 for the 2021 tax year and $17,000 for the 2022 tax year for employees age 50 and older).

Who can use the plan?

• There are no age restrictions. Employees are eligible if they received at least $5,000 from you in any 2 preceding years and are reasonably expected to earn at least $5,000 in the current year.
• You can expand the group of eligible employees by reducing or eliminating the minimum compensation requirement and set the eligibility to be less restrictive if you choose.

• There’s no fee to establish an account.
• We charge $25 a year for each Vanguard fund in a SIMPLE IRA. We’ll waive the fee if you have at least $50,000 in qualifying Vanguard assets.

See what Vanguard assets qualify

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A SIMPLE IRA is a retirement plan designed for self-employed people and small businesses with 100 or fewer employees. It's a cheaper (and easier) plan for an employer to set up compared to a traditional 401(k). However, the amount a worker can save in a SIMPLE IRA is less than a 401(k).

For 2022, the annual contribution limit for SIMPLE IRAs is $14,000, up from $13,500 in 2021. Workers age 50 or older can make additional catch-up contributions of $3,000, for a total of $17,000. The contribution limits are the same if you’re self-employed.

By comparison, workers younger than 50 can salt away as much as $20,500 in a traditional 401(k) for 2022, plus another $6,500 if they're 50-plus.

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Employee contributions to a SIMPLE IRA are made on a pretax basis, which lowers taxable income. The invested money grows tax-sheltered until you withdraw it in retirement, when those distributions are taxed as ordinary income.

If you pull money out before age 59 1/2, you face a 10% early-withdrawal penalty on top of taxes. The withdrawal penalty increases to 25% for SIMPLE IRAs if money is pulled out within two years of signing up for the plan.

Employer Contributions to SIMPLE IRAs

Workers participating in a SIMPLE IRA will always get a helping hand saving for retirement because employers must make some form of a contribution to employees' accounts. An employer can choose to either make a dollar-for-dollar match of up to 3% of a worker's pay or contribute a flat 2% of compensation, whether the employee contributes or not. If your employer matches dollar-for-dollar up to 3% of pay, make sure you're contributing at least enough to qualify for the full match. If an employer contributes the flat 2% amount, the calculation for those nonelective contributions cannot be based on more than $305,000 of the employee’s salary in 2022, up from $290,000 in 2021. Self-employed people are allowed to contribute both their own and the employer’s share to a SIMPLE IRA.

The money your employer contributes is vested immediately, which means those contributions are yours from the start and you get to take them with you when you leave no matter how long you’ve worked for the company. By contrast, other employer retirement savings plans, such as 401(k)s and 403(b)s, may require that you work for that employer for a set period, such as three or four years, to be fully vested.

SIMPLE IRAs offer a much broader selection of investments than most employer-sponsored retirement savings plans. In a SIMPLE IRA, workers can not only choose from thousands of mutual funds and exchange-traded funds but also hold individual stocks and bonds. The best investment is one that fits your long-term goals at the right price.

Is There a Roth SIMPLE IRA?

Unlike some other employer-sponsored retirement savings plans, a SIMPLE IRA doesn't offer a Roth option, which would allow workers to invest after-tax dollars in the plan in exchange for tax-free withdrawals in retirement. But that may be changing. As part of the proposed Securing a Strong Retirement Act, Congress is considering establishing a Roth SIMPLE IRA so that employees at small businesses could enjoy the perks of a Roth plan. Nicknamed the SECURE Act 2.0 (after the first SECURE Act, which stands for Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement, became law in 2019), the bill enjoys bipartisan support and has a good chance of passing later this year.

How SIMPLE IRA Savers Can Build a Bigger Nest Egg

SIMPLE IRA participants are allowed to contribute to an individual IRA at the same time, enabling retirement savers to maximize their contributions on two fronts. If you're already stashing away the maximum contribution allowed in your SIMPLE IRA—$14,000 for employees younger than 50 or $17,000 for 50-plus workers—but want to save even more for retirement, consider opening a separate traditional IRA or Roth IRA. Self-employed people may also fund a traditional IRA or Roth at the same time but not a SEP IRA.

For 2022, individuals younger than 50 can contribute up to $6,000 to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA. Retirement savers age 50 and up can make an additional $1,000 catch-up contribution. Roth IRAs have income limits. The maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 begins to phase out once modified adjusted gross income hits $129,000 for single filers and $204,000 those who are married and filing jointly. There's no tax deduction for Roth IRA contributions. Contributions to a traditional IRA for 2022 (opens in new tab) are tax-deductible, though this benefit will phase out if you also contribute to a 401(k) plan at work and reach a certain income threshold. The tax deduction phases out for single filers who have a modified gross income between $68,000 and $78,000.

If an IRA contributor is covered by a work retirement plan, joint filers must earn $109,000 or less to claim the full tax deduction. The deduction is fully phased out once you make $129,000 or more. If an IRA contributor is not covered by a retirement plan at work, then the deduction is phased out between $204,000 and $214,000 for joint filers.

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