Wednesday, October 20, 2021 Show  These days a sudden loss of taste and smell is a cause for alarm. Of course, the first thing that jumps to mind is the potential of having COVID-19. The good news is that COVID-19 isn’t the only disease that can lead to a loss of taste and smell. Other potentially less serious issues could be the reason, too. Other VirusesCoronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, or more severe conditions like COVID-19. Many of the illnesses caused by coronaviruses can lead to loss of taste or smell. Dr. Melissa McBrien, a Beaumont otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor), says, “Along with a COVID-19 infection, other viral infections, such as colds, can result in a loss of smell and taste. Sometimes this is just for the length of the cold when the nose is blocked, but other times the lack of smell can last weeks to months.” While it’s still a good idea to get tested if you think you have COVID-19, the loss of taste and smell alone isn’t a cause for alarm. Allergies or Sinus InfectionEven if you don’t usually experience a loss of taste and smell during the allergy season, this could be the cause of your trouble. Too much stuff in your nose dampens your ability to taste and smell. The same problem appears with sinus infections. AgingTo a certain extent, the senses of taste and smell naturally dull with age. If you are age 60 or older, you might notice that these senses don’t work as well as they used to. Certain activities or issues can speed the loss of these senses as well. These include:
These types of loss of taste and smell tends to come on gradually, so you may not notice it right away. Loss of Taste and Smell TreatmentHow long does the loss of taste and smell last and is there anything you can do about it? “While we used to think loss of smell was permanent if it lasted more than six months, we now know that it will often recover slowly over the years,” Dr. McBrien said. “Treatments such as smell training can be helpful in the recovery of this important sense.” You may also be able to speed recovery by addressing the root cause. For example, your doctor may suggest steroid nasal sprays or drops to treat nasal polyps or sinusitis. There are even some home remedies for this issue. These include smell training with pungent odors such as coffee or fresh ginger, placing drops of castor oil in your nose and using a saline rinse. Keep in mind that working smoke and carbon monoxide detectors are essential in the homes of people who have lost their sense of smell. They won’t have the ability to detect these life-threatening situations as early as someone else. Dr. McBrien says that if you’re concerned about new or worsening loss of taste and smell, your first step should be contacting your primary care doctor. If your diagnosis requires additional follow up, you may be referred to an ENT specialist. Next Steps and Helpful Resources
See how Covid-19 changed their sense of smell 02:20 - Source: CNN CNN — Imagine waking up one morning after recovering from Covid-19 to find that your coffee smells like unwashed socks, your eggs reek of feces and your orange juice tastes metallic. Oddly, that’s a good thing: It’s a sign you still have a working sense of smell – even if it’s miswired in your brain. Your ability to smell can also disappear completely, a condition called anosmia. Without warning, you can no longer inhale the sweet odor of your baby’s skin, the roses gifted by your partner or the pungent stink of your exercise clothes. Taste and smell are intertwined, so food may be bland or flavorless. Appetite and enjoyment of life may plummet, which past studies show can lead to nutritional deficits, cognitive decline and depression. Danger lurks as well. Without smell, you may not recognize the telltale signs of fires, natural gas leaks, poisonous chemicals or spoiled food and drink. Such is the reality of some 5% of global Covid-19 survivors who have now developed long-lasting taste and smell problems, according to a 2022 study. More than two years into the pandemic, researchers found an estimated 15 million people may still have problems perceiving odors, while 12 million may struggle with taste. Support and advocacy groups such as AbScent and Fifth Sense have mobilized to help, offering affirmation and hope, tips on smell training and even recipes to bolster appetite. Smell or olfactory training encourages people to sniff essential oils twice a day, said rhinologist Dr. Zara Patel, a professor of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine. “The way I explain it to patients is if you had a stroke, and it made your arm not work, you would go to physical therapy, you would do rehab,” Patel said. “That’s exactly what olfactory training is for your sense of smell.” As science learns more about how Covid-19 attacks and disrupts smell, “I think you’re going to see interventions that are more targeted,” said rhinologist Dr. Justin Turner, an associate professor of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville. Anyone still struggling with a loss of smell and taste “should think positively and assume their sense of smell will return,” Turner said. “Yes, there are some people that won’t recover, so for those folks, we want them to not ignore it. We want them to take it seriously.” People have been losing their sense of smell and taste for centuries. Common cold and flu viruses, nasal polyps, thyroid disorders, severe allergies, sinus infections and neurological conditions such asAlzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis can all damage the ability to smell and taste – at times, permanently. So can head trauma, exposure to noxious chemicals, cancer treatments, smoking, gum disease, antibiotics and various blood pressure, cholesterol, reflux and allergy medications, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Growing old is a major cause of smell loss as the ability of the olfactory neurons to regenerate declines. A study conducted in 1984 found more than 50% of people between ages 65 and 80 years suffered from “major olfactory impairment.” The number climbed to more than 75%for people over age 80. When the virus that causes Covid-19 invaded our lives, a condition that was relatively rare among people under 50 expanded exponentially, affecting all ages. “Covid-19 affected younger people much more than other forms of post-viral smell loss,” saidsurgeon Dr. Eric Holbrook, an associate professor of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Harvard Medical School. “You wouldn’t see much smell loss in the pediatric population, for example, and now it’s very common.” In fact, loss of smell was so prevalent at the beginning of the pandemic it was considered the canary in the coal mine – an early sign of Covid-19 infection even in the absence of other symptoms. That’s not true today. A study published in May found 17% of people lost their sense of smell when infected with the Omicron variant, which became thepredominant variant of the virus that causes Covid-19 in late 2021.(This could change againif the virus mutates.) In comparison, people sickened by the two original variants, Alpha and Beta, were 50% more likely to lose their sense of smell or taste. Delta was nearly as bad – 44% of people were affected,according to the study. Statistics show most people recovertheir sense of taste and smell. An August analysis of 267 people who lost smell and taste at least two years ago found the majority either fully (38.2%) or partially (54.3%) recovered their ability to smell and taste. That was especially true for people under 40, according to the study. But 7.5%had not recovered their sense of smell and taste two years after their Covid-19 infection cleared. Those who were least likely to recover included people with existing nasal congestion, more women than men, and those who had a greater initial severity of smell loss, the study found. How does Covid-19 damage the olfactory system? At first scientists believed it infected neurons in the nose responsible for transmitting smells from the environment into the brain. Those neurons sit in the olfactory bulbs at the very top of each nostril and send out axons, or cables, to unique sensory spots in the brain. Soon studies discovered the virus does not enter those neurons at all. Instead, it attacks sustentacular cells, also known as supporting cells, which provide nourishment and protection to nerve cells from birth. Unlike many other cells, neurons in the nose undergo rebirth every two to three months. “(Covid-19) infection of those supporting cells likely has some sort of long-term effect on the ability of those neurons to regenerate themselves with time,” Turner said. “That’s one of the reasons we sometimes see a delayed effect: People may have some smell loss that recovers, then later they have a second wave of smell loss, parosmia or other symptoms because that regenerative capacity is malfunctioning,” he said. Parosmia is the medical term for distorted smells, which can often be quite disgusting, Patel said. “Unfortunately, there’s these classic categories of really terrible smells and tastes,” she said. “Sometimes it’s feces, garbage or old dirty socks. There can be a sort of sickly, sweet chemical type of smell and taste. Oh, and rotting flesh is another common category.” For many people, parosmia tends to occur or reoccur at the three-month mark, about the time olfactory neurons would naturally be regenerating, experts told CNN. “If the reconnection misses its target and hits a different spot in the brain reserved for a different odor, your perception of smell is going to be totally screwed up,” Holbrook said. “You have to rely on the ability for those axons to retract and then find their way to the right spot,” he added. “Or if they’re not correct, wait for those neurons to die off and have new ones come back and find the right spot.” Science continues to discover ways the virus attacks. A study from February found it may also damage olfactory receptors that sit on the surface of nerve cells in the nose. Those receptors bind smells and trigger the nerve impulses that transmit the information to the brain. There may also be a genetic component. A January study discovered a mutation in two overlapping genes, UGT2A1 and UGT2A2, that play a role in metabolizing odors. People with that mutation may be more susceptible to losing their sense of smell, but further studies are needed to determine the virus’sassociationto the genes – if any. People who are older and have chronic diseases that affect the nervous system, such as diabetes, are often more susceptible to olfactory damage, Patel said. “It’s the very small vessels in the body, including the nose, that are affected by diabetes, disturbing blood, nutrient and oxygen flow to these olfactory nerves,” she said. “People with chronic sinus or allergy inflammation in the nose – anything that makes it harder for our system to bounce back will likely be at higher risk as well.” How can I regain my taste and smell?Smell therapy can help – the process involves smelling different strong scents for at least 20 seconds while thinking about memories and experiences involving the scent. We generally recommend rose, lemon, clove and eucalyptus essential oils because the smells are strong and distinctive.
How do you overcome the loss of taste?Tips and coping strategies. Acknowledge your feelings about the loss.. Consult with an ear, nose, and throat specialist for guidance.. Consider adjusting your cooking in favor of spicier foods.. Maintain hope for recovery.. Cultivate a sense of gratitude: you have survived a potentially lethal disease.. How long can loss of taste and smell last after COVIDWhen will I get my sense of smell and taste back? Patients usually improve slowly with time. About 65 percent of people with COVID-19-induced parosmia or hyposmia regain these senses by about 18 months, while 80-90 percent regain these senses by two years.
Do I have Covid if I lost my sense of smell and taste?With COVID-19, smell loss one of the first signs of infection. “Smell loss is actually an early sign of COVID-19 and usually occurs for those who have a mild form of the virus,” says Tajudeen. “Patients with smell loss are normally at home recovering and not admitted into the hospital or on a ventilator.”
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I lost sense of smell and taste
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