Gender dysphoria happens in people who are transgender (trans). It causes emotional distress due to differences between a person’s gender identity and physical appearance. Many people feel better after talking with a therapist and exploring gender affirmation options. Show
What is gender dysphoria?Gender dysphoria describes a sense of unease regarding the mismatch between assigned gender and gender identity. This feeling affects many — but not all — transgender people before they begin living as their authentic selves (transition and gender expression). And it can occur at any point during life, from childhood to adulthood. People with gender dysphoria may experience severe emotional and psychological distress if they’re unable to express their experienced gender and/or if they don’t receive the support and acceptance they need. What does it mean to be transgender?The term “transgender” is an umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity and sex assigned at birth don’t align based on traditional expectations of gender. For example:
The term “transgender” can include other gender identities, too, and is evolving with new generations. People who are transgender may be a combination of gender identities, or they may identify as:
Individuals who’re on the nonbinary spectrum may further describe their gender identity by using descriptors such as “nonbinary transmasculine” or “nonbinary transfeminine,” or may use different terminology such as “agender,” “no-gender,” “androgynous,” and/or “gender queer.” Is gender dysphoria a mental illness?Gender dysphoria isn’t a mental illness. Rather, it describes the uneasiness stemming from the mismatch between the experienced gender and assigned sex at birth. However, some of the unpleasant feelings that sometimes accompany gender dysphoria include:
Although gender dysphoria is not a mental illness, when not addressed, it may lead to worsening mood issues, depression and anxiety, and may further complicate the issues the individuals may be having. Insurance may cover some illnesses associated with gender dysphoria and gender dysphoria care. What does gender dysphoria feel like?Most people with gender dysphoria suffer from intense, complex emotions that stem from having the physical attributes of one gender and identifying with either an opposite gender or a gender that doesn’t fit the definition of binary genders (male and female). You may feel:
When do people start experiencing symptoms?Gender dysphoria symptoms can start at any stage of life. What causes gender dysphoria?Researchers are still working to determine the cause. The condition may start with biological changes that happen before birth. The anxiety, stress and general discomfort associated with gender dysphoria may be linked to social stigma. Gender nonconforming children, adolescents and adults often face discrimination and verbal harassment. One in 4 are physically attacked, and more than 1 in 10 are victims of sexual assault. Is there a gender dysphoria test?Though it isn’t a formal test, the American Psychological Association (APA) has criteria for diagnosing gender dysphoria in children, adolescents and adults. ChildrenGender dysphoria can be diagnosed in children if they display contradictions between their assigned gender and the gender they express over a period of at least six months. They must display at least six of the following traits:
Adolescents and adultsGender dysphoria can be diagnosed in adolescents and adults if they display contradictions between their assigned gender and the gender they express over a period of at least six months. They must display at least two of the following traits:
What does treatment look like?The goal of gender-affirming treatment is to help you gain peace of mind, which means different things to different people. And it often takes time to get results. Seeing a healthcare provider who specializes in transgender health can help you explore your options. There are many methods of gender affirmation. Surgery can help, but it isn’t always necessary. What treatments are available for gender dysphoria?Treatment may include expressing your preferred gender identity or undergoing medical or surgical therapies. Gender expressionThis includes behaviors and actions that help you achieve your preferred gender identity. You may wish to:
Medical treatmentsMedical therapies may include gender-affirming hormones:
Gender affirmation surgerySurgery enables permanent changes that are more consistent with your preferred gender. You may wish to pursue: Top surgery
Bottom surgery
Facial procedures
What is the role of mental health therapy in gender dysphoria treatment?Talking with a licensed mental health professional can help you:
Therapy may also include:
If you’re considering gender affirmation surgery, your insurance plan may require therapy. You’ll need to show that you:
What support is available to people with gender dysphoria?Support plays a vital role in helping you navigate challenges in your life. You may wish to participate in a transgender support group. Participating helps you learn from the experiences of other people in your situation. Support to help you address challenges like bullying or discrimination may also be available in your community. Which treatments are best for children and adolescents?Young people can start some treatments right away. But it’s best to wait for other treatments because their bodies are still developing.
What’s the outlook for individuals with gender dysphoria?Seeking treatment can help you break free of the negative feelings you’re experiencing. When you feel better about yourself, it’s easier to make decisions about your future, like expressing your preferred gender identity. How can I support a loved one with gender dysphoria?There are many steps you can take, including:
A note from Cleveland Clinic Feelings of gender dysphoria may come and go throughout your life, but people living with it can still have a bright future. Therapy can help you gain confidence in expressing your preferred gender. You may wish to make small changes at first, like going by a different name. Permanent changes may include medical therapies and gender affirmation surgery. The treatments that are right for you and the pace at which you pursue them are up to you. An experienced healthcare provider can help you decide. Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Print Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 03/28/2022. References
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What are the early signs of gender dysphoria?Gender dysphoria symptoms. distress.. anxiety.. depression.. negative self-image.. strong dislike of your sexual anatomy.. strong preference for the toys and activities associated with the other gender (in children). |