What is considered personal property for home insurance coverage

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Personal property insurance, also known as contents insurance, covers your belongings if they're damaged, destroyed, or stolen.

Homeowners, condo owners, and renters insurance policies include personal property coverage, but the limits vary. As with most types of insurance, there are plenty of terms and conditions you need to know to make sure your valuables have enough coverage.

Read on to learn if all your personal items are really insured and how much personal property insurance costs.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • Personal property coverage is a standard part of homeowners insurance.
  • With a homeowners policy, personal property coverage is a percentage of the dwelling coverage, while it’s calculated differently for renters and condo insurance policies.
  • Contents coverage can be either actual cash value or replacement cost.

IN THIS ARTICLE

  • Who needs personal property insurance?
  • Does homeowners insurance cover personal property?
  • What is not covered by house contents insurance?
  • How to insure excess or high-value items
  • How much personal property coverage do I need?
  • How do you calculate personal property coverage?
  • Expanded homeowners insurance (HO-5 policy) vs. standard coverage (HO-3 policy)
  • Personal property insurance for condos
  • Personal property insurance for renters
  • How to save on personal property insurance
  • How do personal property insurance claims work?
  • How to find the best personal property insurance

Who needs personal property insurance?

Everyone with valuables they care about -- whether they rent or own -- needs home contents insurance. The cost of home contents insurance is far less expensive than having to replace all your belongings if something goes wrong.

Many renters automatically assume they can call the landlord if there's been a leak or fire and their new laptop is ruined. A landlord's insurance policy doesn't cover your belongings -- you'll need renters insurance to make sure your belongings are protected.

Does homeowners insurance cover personal property?

Personal property insurance covers the contents of your home. Anything that isn't part of your dwelling's structure is covered by personal belongings insurance. This includes:

  • Furniture
  • Clothing
  • Appliances
  • Stereos
  • Televisions
  • Computers
  • Artwork (with coverage limits)
  • Rugs, window treatments and other décor
  • Dishes
  • Wine and spirits (with limits)
  • Sporting goods and toys

In many cases, your belongings are even covered if they're damaged or stolen outside of the home, such as in your car, at work, or in a hotel room. But there's a catch -- not all of your belongings are fully covered by personal belongings insurance.

The average contents coverage value is limited to 40% to 70% of your home's overall insured value. If your items are worth more than that, they may not be covered. In addition, certain items with a high value or one that's difficult to put a price tag on are probably not fully covered by standard home insurance personal property coverage.

What is not covered by house contents insurance?

Personal property is not covered for damage or loss due to any peril that is excluded by the policy. Standard homeowners insurance policies don’t cover floods and earthquakes, for example, so any loss of personal property due to either one won’t be covered. Make sure you know what’s excluded by your policy.

In addition to perils that aren’t covered, specific items are normally excluded. They include:

  • Pets
  • Business equipment, including computers
  • Cars and other motorized vehicles

How to insure excess or high-value items

Contents insurance places special limits on specific types of personal property, especially items that are high-value. These include:

  • Jewelry, such as diamonds, gold, watches, and engagement rings
  • One-of-a-kind or expensive artwork
  • Fine wine
  • Musical instruments
  • Firearms
  • Other types of collectibles, such as a coin or baseball card collection

Most policies will only cover up to $1,000 to $2,500 for these items. You'll find these exclusions in your policy under Section I, Personal Property, Special Limits of Liability.

To cover those items in full, you’ll need a scheduled endorsement. This is also called a personal article floater. A floater insures a specific item, like a wedding ring, for its appraised value.

Scheduled endorsement advantages

Although you'll have to pay extra to insure higher-value items and possibly get the items appraised, a scheduled endorsement has its advantages.

These riders cover specified property and establish a "value loss settlement." This means that unless the cause of the loss is specifically excluded in your coverage, the insurer pays the value loss settlement amount in full, even if the property is lost, stolen, or destroyed.

For example, if a ring is insured for its $15,000 appraised value, the insurer pays $15,000 if it's stolen or lost -- with no deduction for depreciation and no deductible.

Another advantage of scheduled personal property endorsements is that it covers your possessions for perils beyond what’s included in a standard policy. A rider will cover you for a lost item, for example, even if you just misplaced it.

Correctly scheduling personal property

Expert Advice

What is considered personal property for home insurance coverage

David Marlett, Ph.D, CPCU

Managing Director of the Brantley Risk & Insurance Center at Appalachian State University, Boone, NC

To protect against under-insuring, some policies include an 'inflation guard' that automatically projects a specified increase in contents value every year

We asked David Marlett, Ph.D., Managing Director of the Brantley Risk & Insurance Center at Appalachian State University to comment on under- or over-insuring important scheduled items.

Q. What are some common reasons people might under-insure scheduled personal property, such as jewelry, artwork, or other collectibles?

A. Contents insurance it typically set as a percentage of a home’s value. But under-insuring can happen unintentionally when homeowners add a scheduled item such as jewelry or high-value artwork. If the item was appraised years ago and has since appreciated in value, it may not be possible to replace in kind, in the event of a loss.

Sometimes people are willing to accept a degree of under-insurance to save money on their premiums. Since rates are typically based on every $100 in value, insurance cost can be expected to increase the higher an item’s appraised value. A homeowner could accept that an originally agreed-upon value for certain scheduled items is acceptable, even if it means that they couldn’t replace it at the same quality level should a loss occur.

Insurance companies typically prefer that people insure to full value in order to avoid arguments when a claim is made and to secure higher premiums. To protect against under-insuring, some policies include an “inflation guard” that automatically projects a specified increase in contents value every year. States have different rules about this type of coverage, so an inflation guard may not be available in all locations.

Q. What is/are the main disadvantage(s) associated with over-insuring personal property?

A. Over-insuring personal property is not a common problem. Even in the event of a separation or divorce, home insurance policies specify a time period to notify the insurer that the named insured or spouse is no longer residing at a given location.

Cost of scheduled endorsements

As noted above, the cost of an endorsement is based on the value of the item being insured. It will also depend on the company, where you live, and other factors.

A piece of jewelry, according to GEICO, costs about 1-2% per $100 in value to insure on a floater. So, at the low end, it would cost about $100 a year to insure a $10,000 ring.

How much personal property coverage do I need?

Determining how much personal property coverage you need takes a bit of homework. Homeowners had more difficulty determining how much personal property insurance to get than they did with other types of home insurance.

Insurance.com surveyed 997 homeowners in March 2021 and asked: When deciding how much home insurance to buy, which type is most difficult to determine? Personal property topped the list, with nearly 22%. Here are the findings:

  • Personal property -- value of your possessions: 21.5%
  • Dwelling coverage -- cost to replace your home: 17.4%
  • Deductible -- low or high: 8%
  • Liability -- for injuries/damage to others:6.7%
  • Loss of use -- pays for temporary housing: 3.9%
  • (Not applicable: don't have home/renters insurance: 42.5%)

Personal property coverage is typically set as 40% to 70% of your dwelling coverage amount. So a policy that has $400,000 in dwelling coverage would have $160,000 in personal property coverage if the amount was set at 40%. But you may need much more than that. Here's how to calculate how much you need:

  • Go through your home or rental and list out all your items as an inventory. You can use the National Association of Insurance Commissioners home inventory app.
  • You may want to photograph or video your belongings and keep a copy in a safe place. It may come in handy in the future if you have to make a claim.
  • Do a rough tally of the value of your items to check and see if they fall within your homeowners or renters insurance personal property coverage limits. You may need to increase your coverage.
  • Get any high-value items appraised and add floaters as needed.

How do you calculate personal property coverage?

If you have homeowners insurance, your personal property coverage amount is calculated as a percentage of your dwelling coverage. That can range between 40 and 70%

So, if your dwelling coverage of $403,000 (the amount the insurer pays for damage to the house), the personal property coverage at 70% would be $282,100.

If you’re buying renters or condo insurance, however, and don’t have a dwelling value to base the property coverage on, you’ll need to do a little more math. Fortunately, there are personal property coverage calculators available to help; most insurance companies provide one.

Expanded homeowners insurance (HO-5 policy) vs. standard coverage (HO-3 policy)

If you find yourself with a slew of items that require a scheduled endorsement, there's another option to consider -- the HO-5 policy. There are a few differences between an HO-3 and an HO-5 home insurance policy.

Standard homeowners insurance, called HO-3, is the minimum coverage requirement when obtaining a mortgage and is the most popular policy. It covers a broad range of property types but offers limited coverage for your personal belongings.

The HO-5 offers increased protection, eliminating many of the limitations of the HO3 and expanding coverage to include a higher limit for jewelry items and business personal property.

It's important to note that HO-5 underwriting guidelines can be more restrictive, and it's limited to relatively new and/or well-maintained homes in good fire protection districts.

Many items that would require a scheduled property endorsement on the HO-3 are automatically included in the HO-5. For example, replacement cost on home and contents insurance. This coverage is more expensive than HO-3 coverage but is the best choice if you have a lot of high-value personal property.

Personal property insurance for condos

Home insurance is a little different for condo owners. While those with single-family homes buy policies that cover the building structure and personal property coverage (within limits as discussed above) is included, condominium owners aren’t responsible for insuring the structure.

A condo insurance policy provides coverage for the condo owner’s interests and the parts of the building for which they’re responsible.

What does condo insurance cover?

Condo insurance (called an H0-6 policy) picks up where your association's master policy leaves off. It provides protection for your personal property and liability coverage if you cause another person's injury or property damage or legal fees if you have to defend yourself in a lawsuit.

You want to make sure that your condo insurance plugs any holes left by your master policy. The less coverage provided by your HOA, the more you'll need to buy yourself.

Master policies usually take one of two forms:

  • An "all-in" or "single unit" condo master policy covers the fixtures in your condo, appliances, wiring, plumbing and carpets, but not your personal property.
  • A "bare walls-in" condo master policy covers nothing contained within your walls. It might not even cover your plumbing and electrical systems.

Your H0-6 policy covers loss or damage to your personal possessions up to the limit you purchase. It also covers personal liability and medical payments. If necessary, you can buy special coverage (a rider) for certain valuables, such as jewelry. This insurance typically covers loss of use after a fire or storm makes your unit uninhabitable.

Cost of condo insurance

The average cost of condominium insurance in the US is $625 per year for the recommended coverage of:

  • $60,000 in personal property coverage
  • $1,000 deductible
  • $300,000 liability coverage

That's based on Insurance.com's analysis of rates from up to six insurers for nearly every ZIP code in the country. Your cost depends on your condo's location, the extent of its master policy coverage, and the amount of personal property you wish to insure. Compare quotes from multiple companies to get the best rate for you.

Personal property insurance for renters

Too many renters assume their landlord's insurance covers their belongings. This misunderstanding can cause bad feelings or even lawsuits between landlords and tenants.

For this reason, many advisers recommend that landlords require renters to carry renters insurance for personal property.

What does renters insurance cover?

Renters insurance costs considerably less than homeowners or condo policies because it doesn't cover the building or the landlord's personal property used by the renter, such as furnishings and appliances in the apartment or rental home.

Renters insurance reimburses you if your belongings are stolen, damaged or destroyed while in your home and in some cases, while away from home (for example, if your laptop gets stolen on your way to work).

Renters insurance protects more than your belongings. You get medical payments for your guests and liability coverage as well. If your dog, for example, bites a visitor to your home, renters insurance will pay for medical bills and even legal fees in a lawsuit.

Cost of renters insurance

According to Insurance.com's rate analysis, the average renters insurance policy costs just $326 per year or about $27 monthly.

That's for a renters policy with coverage levels of:

  • $40,000 for personal property
  • $1,000 deductible
  • $100,000 liability

Prices in New Jersey, Iowa, Tennessee and Utah are about average. Mississippi’s are the highest, at $579 a year. Vermont's are the lowest, at $160.

Considering what you get for the money, renters insurance is a bargain. Your rates will depend on the amount of coverage you need, where you live, and other personal factors.

Renter's insurance doesn't cover your roommate's personal property

Another common misunderstanding among renters is that one policy covers everyone that lives in the space. A renters insurance policy only provides home and contents insurance for you and your family living in the unit.

If you have roommates, they'll need their own renter's insurance policy to protect their belongings, or you'll all have to agree to purchase one together, with everyone named on the policy.

How to save on personal property insurance

There are several factors that determine your rate for home and contents insurance:

  • The amount of coverage
  • The quality of coverage (replacement cost on contents insurance versus actual cash value, the inclusion of inflation protection, etc.)
  • Your history of filing claims
  • Your credit rating
  • Your deductible
  • Your location

If you own or rent in an area subject to expensive hazards, such as crime, catastrophic weather or fire danger, your rates are likely to be higher. If your neighbors file frequent claims (even if you don't), your rates may be higher. If your home is not well-maintained or is very old or in poor condition, you may pay more. To save on home contents insurance, consider the following three tips:

1. Improve your property

While you can't change your home's location easily, you can maintain or upgrade it. Make improvements that could make your home safer and lower your premiums, such as:

  • Add storm shutters
  • Reinforce your roof
  • Modernize your heating, plumbing, and electrical systems
  • Add a home security system and/or safe
  • Install fire sprinkler systems

2. Improve yourself

Take steps to become lower-risk to insure, and you'll save money on your premiums. Some ways to improve your insurability standing includes:

  • Improve your credit score and when it increases, ask your insurer for a premium reduction.
  • Keep claims to a minimum. If you filed one in the last 3 to 5 years, your rate may be higher.
  • Be selective of who you invite to your home to reduce the chances of injury or damage claims against you if someone slips and falls or your dog bites a guest.

3. Compare to save on personal belongings insurance

It's smart to comparison shop and review your homeowners coverage each year. There are many items to consider when buying homeowners insurance, and you may find your current insurance carrier may not be offering the best price.

Ask about discounts for:

  • switching insurers
  • staying with your current insurer
  • bundling your policies,
  • increasing your deductible,
  • retirement
  • your profession (teachers, doctors, and more).

How do personal property insurance claims work?

Personal property insurance claims are just like any other type of homeowners insurance claim.

Contact your home insurance company about the claim. The insurer may ask you to take photos if there’s damage. Share any receipts for the items.

If the insurance company approves the claim, the insurer will estimate the cost to repair or replace the item or items. The amount of the estimate will vary depending on whether you have actual cash value or replacement cost coverage.

Here are the differences between actual cash value and replacement cost value:

  • Actual cash value. The insurer pays you for the depreciated value of the item. This is calculated as a percentage off the purchase price for every year since it was new.
  • Replacement cost. The insurance company reimburses you for the cost to replace the item brand new at current prices.

As with all claims, you can appeal the valuation of your items if you don’t agree.

How to find the best personal property insurance

Once you know the type and extent of the insurance coverage you want, get a few quotes from different insurers for the same level of coverage and with the same bells and whistles. You can shop for home insurance online to make an informed decision. Better yet, now that you know the ins and outs of home contents insurance, you can have peace of mind knowing your belongings are properly covered.

What is personal belongings cover home insurance?

Personal property coverage can cover your belongings, such as furniture, clothing, sporting goods or electronics, in the event of a covered loss – whether they get damaged at your home, apartment or anywhere in the world.

Which of the following is not covered under Coverage C personal property?

Coverage C protects all the insured's personal property, except for the following: Motor vehicles and their equipment. Cars have their own insurance policies, so home insurance excludes them. Coverage C usually does, however, insure ordinary home maintenance vehicles like lawnmowers or snowblowers.

What is considered a personal belonging?

Definition of personal belongings : items that belong to someone and that are small enough to be carried Be sure to take your personal belongings with you when you get off the bus.

What are the four basic categories of coverage in a homeowners policy?

In short, homeowners insurance helps protect you, your home and your belongings from a variety of unexpected events. A standard policy includes four key types of coverage: dwelling, other structures, personal property and liability.